| gcc常用的编译选项对代码的影响 |
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作者:佚名 文章来源:不详 点击数: 更新时间:2006-12-4 16:10:26  |
★ 前言
本文讨论gcc的一些常用编译选项对代码的影响。当然代码变了, 它的内存布局也就会变了,随之exploit也就要做相应的变动。 gcc的编译选项实在太多,本文检了几个最常用的选项。
★ 演示程序
[alert7@redhat62 alert7]$ cat > test.c #include <stdio.h> void hi(void) { printf("hi"); }
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { hi(); return 0; }
★ 一般情况
[alert7@redhat62 alert7]$ gcc -o test test.c [alert7@redhat62 alert7]$ wc -c test 11773 test [alert7@redhat62 alert7]$ gdb -q test (gdb) disass main Dump of assembler code for function main: 0x80483e4 <main>: push %ebp 0x80483e5 <main+1>: mov%esp,%ebp 0x80483e7 <main+3>: call 0x80483d0 <hi> 0x80483ec <main+8>: xor%eax,%eax 0x80483ee <main+10>:jmp0x80483f0 <main+12> 0x80483f0 <main+12>:leave 0x80483f1 <main+13>:ret .... End of assembler dump. (gdb) disass hi Dump of assembler code for function hi: 0x80483d0 <hi>:push %ebp 0x80483d1 <hi+1>: mov%esp,%ebp 0x80483d3 <hi+3>: push $0x8048450 0x80483d8 <hi+8>: call 0x8048308 <printf> 0x80483dd <hi+13>:add$0x4,%esp 0x80483e0 <hi+16>:leave 0x80483e1 <hi+17>:ret 0x80483e2 <hi+18>:mov%esi,%esi End of assembler dump.
来看看部分的内存映象 (内存高址) +--------+ |bffffbc4| argv的地址(即argv[0]的地址) 0xbffffb84 +--------+ |00000001| argc的值 0xbffffb80 +--------+ |400309cb|main的返回地址 0xbffffb7c +--------+ <-- 调用main函数前的esp |bffffb98| 调用main函数前的ebp 0xbffffb78 +--------+ <-- main函数的ebp |080483ec| hi()的返回地址 0xbffffb74 +--------+ |bffffb78| 调用hi()前的esp 0xbffffb70 +--------+ |08048450| "hi"的地址 0xbffffb6c +--------+ | ...... | (内存低址)
leave指令所做的操作相当于MOV ESP,EBP 然后 POP EBP ret指令所做的操作相当于POP EIP
★ -O 编译选项
With `-O', the compiler tries to reduce code size and execution time. When you specify `-O', the two options `-fthread-jumps' and `-fdefer-pop' are turnedon 优化,减少代码大小和执行的时间
[alert7@redhat62 alert7]$ gcc -O -o test test.c [alert7@redhat62 alert7]$ wc -c test 11757 test [alert7@redhat62 alert7]$ gdb -q test (gdb) disass main Dump of assembler code for function main: 0x80483d8 <main>: push %ebp 0x80483d9 <main+1>: mov%esp,%ebp 0x80483db <main+3>: call 0x80483c8 <hi> 0x80483e0 <main+8>: xor%eax,%eax 0x80483e2 <main+10>:leave 0x80483e3 <main+11>:ret 0x80483e4 <main+12>:nop ... End of assembler dump. (gdb) disass hi Dump of assembler code for function hi: 0x80483c8 <hi>:push %ebp 0x80483c9 <hi+1>: mov%esp,%ebp 0x80483cb <hi+3>: push $0x8048440 0x80483d0 <hi+8>: call 0x8048308 <printf> 0x80483d5 <hi+13>:leave 0x80483d6 <hi+14>:ret 0x80483d7 <hi+15>:nop End of assembler dump.
在main()中,把一条jmp指令优化掉了,很显然,这条指令是可以不需要的。 在hi()中,把add$0x4,%esp优化掉了,这会不会使stack不平衡呢? 来看看部分的内存映象 (内存高址) +--------+ |bffffbc4| argv的地址(即argv[0]的地址) 0xbffffb84 +--------+ |00000001| argc的值 0xbffffb80 +--------+ |400309cb|main的返回地址 0xbffffb7c +--------+ <-- 调用main函数前的esp |bffffb98| 调用main函数前的ebp 0xbffffb78 +--------+ <-- main函数的ebp |080483e0| hi()的返回地址 0xbffffb74 +--------+ |bffffb78| 调用hi()前的esp 0xbffffb70 +--------+ |08048440| "hi"的地址 0xbffffb6c +--------+ | ...... | (内存低址)
leave指令所做的操作相当于把MOV ESP,EBP 然后 POP EBP 看到leave指令操作了没有,先把ebp-->esp,再pop ebp,这样即使 在过程内堆栈的esp,ebp是不平衡的,但只要返回时候碰到leave指令 就会平衡了,所以把add$0x4,%esp优化掉也是没有问题的。
★ -O2 编译选项
-O2Optimizeeven more.Nearly all supported optimizations that do not involve a space-speed tradeoff are performed.Loop unrolling and function inlining are not done, for example.As compared to -O, this option increases both compilation time and the performance of the generated code.
[alert7@redhat62 alert7]$ gcc -O2 -o test test.c [alert7@redhat62 alert7]$ wc -c test 11757 test [alert7@redhat62 alert7]$ gdb -q test (gdb) disass main Dump of assembler code for function main: 0x80483d8 <main>: push %ebp 0x80483d9 <main+1>: mov%esp,%ebp 0x80483db <main+3>: call 0x80483c8 <hi> 0x80483e0 <main+8>: xor%eax,%eax 0x80483e2 <main+10>:leave 0x80483e3 <main+11>:ret ... 0x80483ef <main+23>:nop End of assembler dump. (gdb) disass hi Dump of assembler code for function hi: 0x80483c8 <hi>:push %ebp 0x80483c9 <hi+1>: mov%esp,%ebp 0x80483cb <hi+3>: push $0x8048440 0x80483d0 <hi+8>: call 0x8048308 <printf> 0x80483d5 <hi+13>:leave 0x80483d6 <hi+14>:ret 0x80483d7 <hi+15>:nop End of assembler dump.
由于程序比较简单,再优化也没有好优化的了,所以跟-O出来的一样。
★ -fomit-frame-pointer 编译选项
-fomit-frame-pointer Don't keep the frame pointer in a register for functions that don't need one.This avoids theinstructions to save, set up and restore frame pointers; it also makes an extra register available in many functions.It also makes debugging impossible on most machines.
忽略帧指针。这样在程序就不需要保存,安装,和恢复ebp了。这样ebp也就是一个 free的register了,在函数中就可以随便使用了。
[alert7@redhat62 alert7]$ gcc -fomit-frame-pointer -o test test.c [alert7@redhat62 alert7]$ wc -c test 11773 test [alert7@redhat62 alert7]$ gdb -q test (gdb) disass main Dump of assembler code for function main: 0x80483e0 <main>: call 0x80483d0 <hi> 0x80483e5 <main+5>: xor%eax,%eax 0x80483e7 <main+7>: jmp0x80483f0 <main+16> 0x80483e9 <main+9>: lea0x0(%esi,1),%esi 0x80483f0 <main+16>:ret .... End of assembler dump. (gdb) disass hi Dump of assembler code for function hi: 0x80483d0 <hi>:push $0x8048450 0x80483d5 <hi+5>: call 0x8048308 <printf> 0x80483da <hi+10>:add$0x4,%esp 0x80483dd <hi+13>:ret 0x80483de <hi+14>:mov%esi,%esi End of assembler dump.
在main()和hi()中都去掉了以下指令 push %ebp mov%esp,%ebp//这两条指令安装 leave//这条指令恢复 来看看部分的内存映象 (内存高址) +--------+ |bffffbc4| argv的地址(即argv[0]的地址) 0xbffffb84 +--------+ |00000001| argc的值 0xbffffb80 +--------+ |400309cb|main的返回地址 0xbffffb7c +--------+ |080483e5| hi()的返回地址 0xbffffb78 +--------+ |08048450|"hi"字符串的地址 0xbffffb74 +--------+ | ...... | (内存低址) 没有保存上层执行环境的ebp.
★ -fomit-frame-pointer && -O2
-fomit-frame-pointer编译选项去掉了 push %ebp mov%esp,%ebp//这两条指令安装 leave//这条指令恢复 -O2编译选项去掉了 add$0x4,%esp
两个加起来会不会这四条指令一起去掉,从而使stack不平衡呢?
[alert7@redhat62 alert7]$ gcc -fomit-frame-pointer -O2 -o test test.c [alert7@redhat62 alert7]$ wc -c test 11741 test [alert7@redhat62 alert7]$ gdb -q test (gdb) disass main Dump of assembler code for function main: 0x80483d8 <main>: call 0x80483c8 <hi> 0x80483dd <main+5>: xor%eax,%eax 0x80483df <main+7>: ret End of assembler dump. (gdb) disass hi Dump of assembler code for function hi: 0x80483c8 <hi>:push $0x8048430 0x80483cd <hi+5>: call 0x8048308 <printf> 0x80483d2 <hi+10>:add$0x4,%esp 0x80483d5 <hi+13>:ret 0x80483d6 <hi+14>:mov%esi,%esi End of assembler dump. 来看看部分的内存映象 (内存高址) +--------+ |bffffbc4| argv的地址(即argv[0]的地址) 0xbffffb84 +--------+ |00000001| argc的值 0xbffffb80 +--------+ |400309cb|main的返回地址 0xbffffb7c +--------+ |080483dd| hi()的返回地址 0xbffffb78 +--------+ |08048430|"hi"字符串的地址 0xbffffb74 +--------+ | ...... | (内存低址)
此时就没有把add$0x4,%esp优化掉,如果优化掉的话,整个stack就 会变的不平衡,从而会导致程序出错。
★ -fPIC 编译选项
-fPICIfsupported for the target machine, emit position-independent code, suitable for dynamic linking,even if branches need large displacements. 产生位置无关代码(PIC),一般创建共享库时用到。 在x86上,PIC的代码的符号引用都是通过ebx进行操作的。
[alert7@redhat62 alert7]$ gcc -fPIC -o test test.c [alert7@redhat62 alert7]$ wc -c test [1] [2] 下一页
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